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history of title ix Before Title IX had evolved, “[…] fewer than 300,000 girls participated in high school sports, about one in 27” (Garber 2005). Women in academics were strongly discriminated against. For example, the wife of former U.S Senator Birch Bayh, a sponsor of Title IX in 1972, was denied admission to the University of Virginia before 1970 due to the Virginia State Law that prohibited women from entering the University. Along with women being denied entrance into University, women were also unable to have access to financial aid, graduate programs such as computer engineering, medicine, and law. Women were forced to have higher test scores than their male classmates in order to make it into Universities and women received half the amount of scholarships than men that were valued less than 50 percent than the scholarships that were offered to males (Johnson 2002). Since 1972, the year of Title IX, United States had experienced a major transformation when the law had become a part of the education amendment: Title 20 U.S.C, Sections 1681-1688. As Title IX ensures legal protection against sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the workplace and school grounds, this law also played a major role in high school and intercollegiate sports (Valentin 1997).
Due to the unfair balance between the numbers of men compared to women in intercollegiate sports, this law allowed financial aid and scholarships to women to keep the balance equal. Now today the number of girls participating in high school sports approaches 3 million, or approximately one in every 2.5 students (Garber 2005). Click here to read the rest of this paper.
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